La prise en charge du lymphome folliculaire, au-delà de la chimiothérapie
Résumé
Le lymphome folliculaire (LF) est le lymphome indolent le plus fréquent. On estime qu’environ 2 000 Canadiens reçoivent chaque année un nouveau diagnostic de LF; mais, il s’agit d’une sous-estimation du fardeau de la maladie en raison de la nature indolente du LF. En effet, l’espérance de vie de la plupart des patients se mesure en décennies, avec une amélioration lente, mais constante des estimations de survie au fil du temps.
Traditionnellement, le LF a été considéré comme une maladie chimiosensible, et au cours des 15 dernières années, les anticorps ciblant l’épitope de surface CD20 sur les lymphocytes B sont devenus un complément indispensable pour induire une rémission de longue durée en première ligne de traitement. Les résultats sont favorables pour la plupart des patients. Un suivi à long terme de l’étude de référence PRIMA a montré que la survie médiane sans progression (SSP) était de 10,5 ans chez les patients traités par immunochimiothérapie dans le cadre d’un régime d’induction initial suivi d’un traitement d’entretien par rituximab, contre un peu plus de 4 ans dans le groupe témoin (régime d’induction initial suivi d’une observation). En ce qui concerne la chimiothérapie de base, la bendamustine s’est établie comme le standard préféré au Canada et elle induit des réponses durables chez la majorité des patients.
Cet article se concentre sur les patients atteints d’une maladie à forte charge tumorale nécessitant un traitement, par opposition aux patients atteints d’une maladie à un stade limité qui peuvent bénéficier d’une radiothérapie localisée ou aux patients atteints d’une maladie à un stade avancé à faible charge tumorale qui peuvent bénéficier d’une observation ou du rituximab en monothérapie.
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